Diaphragms

A diaphragm is a rubber dome-shaped cup that covers the cervix, the opening to the uterus. The diaphragm blocks the man's semen from entering the cervix. A spermicide placed into the diaphragm kills sperm and physically blocks the cervix. Consistent and correct use results in a 93% effectiveness rate in preventing pregnancy.

ADVANTAGES 

1. Can be used during breastfeeding.
2. Easily carried in pocket or purse.
3. Generally cannot be felt by either partner.
4. Immediately effective and reversible.
5. No effect on a woman's natural hormones.
6. No interruption of sex play - can be inserted hours ahead of time.
7. May reduce the risk of cervical infections, including gonorrhea, chlamydia, human papilloma virus, and pelvic inflammatory disease.

DISADVANTAGES

1. Cannot be used during menstruation.
2. May be difficult for some women to insert.
3. May be pushed out of place by some sexual positions, penis sizes, thrusting techniques and angles.
4. Must be in place every time a woman has vaginal intercourse. Must be left in place for 6 hours after the last act of intercourse and no longer than 24 hours to prevent toxic shock syndrome.
5. May increase the risk of urinary tract infections.
6. May cause an allergic reaction or irritation related to latex or spermicide.
7. May need to be refitted for the following reasons:
          •  A full term pregnancy
          •  Abdominal or pelvic surgery 
          •  A miscarriage or abortion after 14 weeks of pregnancy
          •  Excessive weight gain or weight loss